Traducciones al Español
Estamos traduciendo nuestros guías y tutoriales al Español. Es posible que usted esté viendo una traducción generada automáticamente. Estamos trabajando con traductores profesionales para verificar las traducciones de nuestro sitio web. Este proyecto es un trabajo en curso.
Create a Linode account to try this guide with a $ credit.
This credit will be applied to any valid services used during your first  days.

What Are Docker and Docker Compose?

Docker is a system that provides pre-configured, self-contained applications, frameworks, and software stacks, such as WordPress, Golang, or LAMP. Even entire Linux distributions can be run in Docker. When deployed, these software packages are referred to as containers. Docker also allows you to create your own containers that include any custom software you’d like.

Docker Compose is a complementary system which helps you link together individual Docker containers so they can work together. This guide walks through the deployment of a Drupal container and another PostgreSQL container that Drupal will use to store its data. Docker Compose will facilitate the networking between them.

Containers for Drupal and PostgreSQL are available from Docker Hub in the form of images. A Docker image is a static snapshot of a container which is used to create new container instances. Docker Hub is an official repository where individuals and organizations can upload Docker images for public consumption.

Why Use Docker to Run Drupal?

Using the Drupal and PostgreSQL images from Docker Hub offers the following benefits:

  • The configuration of the software has been done for you, which means that you don’t need to follow a step-by-step process for each application to get them running on your system.
  • Updating your software is as simple as downloading the latest images from Docker Hub.
  • Images and containers are self-contained, which means that they are easy to clean up if you decide to remove them.

Installation

Install Docker

To install Docker CE (Community Edition), follow the instructions within one of the guides below:

To see installation instructions for other Linux distributions or operating systems like Mac or Windows, reference Docker’s official documentation here: Install Docker Engine

Install Docker Compose

Docker Compose is available in plugin and standalone variants. However, Docker’s official documentation prioritizes the plugin. Further, the plugin has a straightforward installation and works well with past Docker Compose commands.

These steps thus show how to install the Docker Compose plugin. If you are interested in installing the standalone Docker Compose application, follow Docker’s official installation guide.

Note

Many tutorials retain the Docker Compose standalone command format, which looks like the following:

docker-compose [command]

Be sure to replace this with the plugin’s command format when using this installation method. This typically just means replacing the hyphen with a space, as in:

docker compose [command]
  1. Enable the Docker repository for your system’s package manager. The repository is typically already enabled after you have installed the Docker engine. Follow our relevant guide on installing Docker to enable the repository on your system.

  2. Update your package manager, and install the Docker Compose plugin.

    • On Debian and Ubuntu systems, use the following commands:
    sudo apt update
    sudo apt install docker-compose-plugin
    • On CentOS, Fedora, and other RPM-based distributions, use the following commands:
    sudo yum update
    sudo yum install docker-compose-plugin

Set Up Drupal

  1. Create a new directory in your home folder called my_drupal and cd into it:

    mkdir ~/my_drupal/
    cd ~/my_drupal/
    
  2. Create a file named docker-compose.yml in this folder and add the following contents. Set your own password for the POSTGRES_PASSWORD option.

    File: docker-compose.yml
     1
     2
     3
     4
     5
     6
     7
     8
     9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    
    version: '3.3'
    
    services:
      drupal:
        image: drupal:latest
        ports:
          - 80:80
        volumes:
          - drupal_modules:/var/www/html/modules
          - drupal_profiles:/var/www/html/profiles
          - drupal_themes:/var/www/html/themes
          - drupal_sites:/var/www/html/sites
        restart: always
    
      postgres:
        image: postgres:10
        environment:
          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: your_postgres_password
        volumes:
            - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
        restart: always
    
    volumes:
      drupal_modules:
      drupal_profiles:
      drupal_themes:
      drupal_sites:
      db_data:
  3. From the my_drupal directory, start your Docker containers:

    docker-compose up -d
    
  4. The Docker containers will take a minute or two to start up Drupal and PostgreSQL. Afterwards, you can visit your Linode’s IP address in your web browser and you should be directed to the Drupal setup form.

  5. On the Set up database page, select PostgreSQL as the Database type and enter the following values:

    • Database name: postgres

    • Database username: postgres

    • Database password: The password you set in the docker-compose.yml file

    • Host (under Advanced Options): postgres

  6. Complete the other screens in the setup guide. When creating your Drupal user, be sure to enter a password that is different from your PostgreSQL password.

Usage and Maintenance

You do not need to manually start your containers if you reboot your Linode, because the option restart: always was assigned to your services in your docker-compose.yml file. This option tells Docker Compose to automatically start your services when the server boots.

To stop your Drupal application:

cd ~/my_drupal/
docker-compose stop

This will stop the running Drupal and PostgreSQL containers, but will not remove them.

To restart your Drupal application:

cd ~/my_drupal/
docker-compose start

To stop and remove containers, networks and images created by the docker-compose.yml file:

cd ~/my_drupal/
docker-compose down

When a Docker container is taken down, it is also deleted; this is how Docker is designed to work. However, your Drupal files and data will be preserved, as the docker-compose.yml file was configured to create persistent volumes for that data.

If you want to remove this data and start over with your Drupal site, you can add the --volumes flag to the previous command. This will permanently delete the Drupal customizations you’ve made so far.

docker-compose down --volumes

Update Drupal

The docker-compose.yml specifies the latest version of the Drupal image, so it’s easy to update your Drupal version:

docker-compose down
docker-compose pull && docker-compose up -d

Next Steps

More extensive documentation on Docker is available in the Containers section of the Linode Guides & Tutorials site.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

This page was originally published on


Your Feedback Is Important

Let us know if this guide was helpful to you.


Join the conversation.
Read other comments or post your own below. Comments must be respectful, constructive, and relevant to the topic of the guide. Do not post external links or advertisements. Before posting, consider if your comment would be better addressed by contacting our Support team or asking on our Community Site.
The Disqus commenting system for Linode Docs requires the acceptance of Functional Cookies, which allow us to analyze site usage so we can measure and improve performance. To view and create comments for this article, please update your Cookie Preferences on this website and refresh this web page. Please note: You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser.